Modules and libraries in Python provide additional functionality that extends the capabilities of the core language. They contain pre-written code and tools that can be imported and used in our programs. Python has a vast ecosystem of libraries that cover various domains, such as data analysis, web development, machine learning, and more.

Let’s explore how to use modules and libraries in Python:

# Importing a module
import math

# Using functions from the math module
print("Square root of 16:", math.sqrt(16))
print("Value of pi:", math.pi)

# Importing specific functions from a module
from random import randint

# Using the imported function
random_number = randint(1, 10)
print("Random number:", random_number)

# Importing an entire library with an alias
import numpy as np

# Using functions from the numpy library
array = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print("Array:", array)
print("Sum of array elements:", np.sum(array))

Explanation:

• We import the math module to access mathematical functions and constants.
• We use the math.sqrt() function to calculate the square root of a number and access the value of pi using math.pi.
• We import the randint function from the random module to generate random numbers.
• We import the numpy library with the alias np for numerical computing and work with arrays using functions like np.array() and np.sum().

Now it’s time for a practical task:

Task 8:

Write a Python program that uses the datetime module to display the current date and time. Import the necessary function(s) from the datetime module, retrieve the current date and time, and print it in a readable format.

Once you’ve completed the task, you can proceed to the next lesson.